CRIMINAL LIABILITY FOR ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE CRIMES IN IRAQI LEGISLATION "A PROSPECTIVE ANALYTICAL STUDY IN LIGHT OF DIGITAL AUTONOMY"
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Objective: The paper analyzes a modern judicial problem that new technologies have imposed on legal systems, ending to the conclusion that general rules of criminal liability in the Iraqi Legal System are insufficient to address crimes created by self-learning (AI) systems. Secondly, the study will examine the extent to which the provisions of Iraqi Penal Code No. 111 of 1969 have kept pace with contemporary developments i.e. Legislative Gap (Legislative lag). Method: Based on a comparative analytical methodology, this research relies on international frameworks and European Parliament resolutions. Results: The results suggest that the break between programmer and machine created by “deep learning” puts personal liability on more difficult footing. In conclusion, the study shows that it is necessary to develop a modern legislative framework in Iraq through adopting a digital liability regime. Novelty: This need for a model legal framework should act as a sufficient plea against the perception of users presumed liability and incrementally granting an electronic legal personality to autonomous systems, with necessary amendments in the Iraqi Cybercrime Draft Law.
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