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Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this research is to investigate the age-specific makeup, functional functions, and impact of the human intestinal microbiota on health outcomes over the life course. Method: Microbiota profiles at various life stages, from infancy to old age, were analyzed in a thorough assessment of recent research, with an emphasis on their effects on immune function, metabolism, and disease susceptibility. Results: The results show that each life stage has unique microbial populations that help control important physiological functions. Age-related changes in immunological responses, metabolic regulation, and heightened vulnerability to chronic illnesses are specifically correlated with changes in microbial composition. Novelty: The diagnostic potential of microbiota profiling is highlighted in this review, which also provides fresh perspectives on individualized healthcare strategies. By improving the management of chronic diseases and encouraging healthier aging, the incorporation of microbiota-based approaches into clinical practice may offer more accurate diagnoses and therapeutic interventions for age-related health concerns.
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References
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References
N. A. Bokulich, J. Chung, T. Battaglia, et al., "Antibiotics, birth mode, and diet shape microbiome maturation during early life," Science Translational Medicine, vol. 8, no. 343, p. 343-82, 2016.
M. J. Claesson, I. B. Jeffery, S. Conde, et al., "Gut microbiota composition correlates with diet and health in the elderly," Nature, vol. 488, no. 7410, pp. 178-184, 2012.
Human Microbiome Project Consortium, "Structure, function, and diversity of the healthy human microbiome," Nature, vol. 486, no. 7402, pp. 207-214, 2012.
R. E. Ley, P. J. Turnbaugh, S. Klein, and J. I. Gordon, "Microbial ecology: Human gut microbes associated with obesity," Nature, vol. 444, no. 7122, pp. 1022-1023, 2006.
C. A. Lozupone, J. I. Stombaugh, J. I. Gordon, J. K. Jansson, and R. Knight, "Diversity, stability and resilience of the human gut microbiota," Nature, vol. 489, no. 7415, pp. 220-230, 2012.
6 D. Mariat, O. Firmesse, F. Levenez, et al., "The Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio of the human microbiota changes with age," BMC Microbiology, vol. 9, no. 1, p. 123, 2009.
F. Mangiola, A. Nicoletti, A. Gasbarrini, and F. R. Ponziani, "Gut microbiota and aging," European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences, vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 740-745, 2018.
C. Milani, S. Duranti, F. Bottacini, et al., "The first microbial colonizers of the human gut: composition, activities, and health implications of the infant gut microbiota," Microorganisms, vol. 5, no. 4, p. 47, 2017.
C. J. Stewart, N. J. Ajami, J. L. O’Brien, D. S. Hutchinson, D. P. Smith, M. C. Wong, et al., "Temporal development of the gut microbiome in early childhood from the TEDDY study," Nature, vol. 562, no. 7728, pp. 583–588, 2018.
P. J. Turnbaugh, J. I. Gordon, R. E. Ley, et al., "The human microbiome project: Exploring the microbial part of ourselves in a changing world," Nature, vol. 444, no. 7122, pp. 1027–1031, 2006.
Y. Wang and L. H. Kasper, "The role of microbiome in central nervous system disorders," Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, vol. 38, pp. 1–12, 2014.
T. Yatsunenko, F. E. Rey, M. J. Manary, I. Trehan, M. G. Dominguez-Bello, M. Contreras, et al, "Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography," *Nature*, vol. 486, no. 7402, pp. 222–227, 2012.
A. Zhernakova, A. Kurilshikov, M. J. Bonder, E. F. Tigchelaar, M. Schirmer, T. Vatanen, et al., "Population-based metagenomics analysis reveals markers for gut microbiome composition and diversity," Science, vol. 352, no. 6285, pp. 565–569, 2016.
N. Zmora, D. Zeevi, T. Korem, et al., "Personalized gut mucosal colonization resistance to empiric probiotics is associated with unique host and microbiome features," Cell, vol. 174, no. 6, pp. 1388–1405, 2019.