https://journal.antispublisher.id/index.php/JMGCB <p><strong><em>Journal of Medical Genetics and Clinical Biology</em></strong> - is a peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles in English on various aspects of <strong>human </strong>and <strong>medical genetics</strong>, the <strong>genetics </strong>of experimental models and <strong>developmental anomalies</strong>.</p> PT. Antis International Publisher en-US Journal of Medical Genetics and Clinical Biology 3032-1085 https://journal.antispublisher.id/index.php/JMGCB/article/view/1584 <p><strong><em>Objective:</em></strong><em> This study aims to address the increasing challenge of soil salinity as a critical barrier to sustainable agricultural production, emphasizing the essential roles of soil and water quality in maintaining productivity. <strong>Method:</strong> The research employs a descriptive and analytical approach, examining the causes of soil salinization in dry and semi-arid regions by differentiating between natural and human-induced factors, including improper irrigation practices, poor drainage, and excessive fertilizer use. <strong>Results:</strong> The findings indicate that the persistent use of low-quality irrigation water due to water scarcity and pollution accelerates salinity accumulation in agricultural soils, leading to a significant decline in soil fertility and crop yield. The study highlights that effective mitigation requires leaching techniques, improved irrigation management, and the cultivation of salt-tolerant crops. <strong>Novelty:</strong> This article provides an integrative perspective that combines ecological and agronomic factors, offering practical strategies to rehabilitate saline soils and promote sustainable agriculture, especially in regions facing increasing water stress due to climate change.</em></p> Mahdi Fahmi Fattah Burhan Nareeman Nawkhas Copyright (c) 2025 Mahdi Fahmi Fattah, Burhan Nareeman Nawkhas https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2025-11-05 2025-11-05 3 1 1 7 10.61796/jmgcb.v3i1.1584 https://journal.antispublisher.id/index.php/JMGCB/article/view/1589 <p><strong><em>Objective:</em></strong><em> This study synthesizes recent evidence (2020–2025) to evaluate key influenza virus mutations associated with resistance to neuraminidase inhibitors (oseltamivir, zanamivir) and cap-dependent endonuclease inhibitors (baloxavir), and to assess their implications for antiviral efficacy. <strong>Method:</strong> A structured literature analysis was conducted by integrating global surveillance reports and peer-reviewed studies, summarizing mutation frequencies and resistance patterns, supported by descriptive statistical tabulation and simulated trend visualization. <strong>Results:</strong> The findings indicate that canonical neuraminidase resistance mutations such as H275Y, R292K, and N295S remain rare, generally occurring at &lt;1% prevalence across most surveillance datasets, although localized increases in PA-I38 substitutions associated with reduced baloxavir susceptibility have emerged in specific regions. The theoretical impact assessment suggests that resistance-linked mutations primarily reduce clinical effectiveness in post-treatment isolates and in severe or immunocompromised cases. <strong>Novelty:</strong> This work provides an updated synthesis of post-pandemic influenza antiviral resistance trends and highlights the growing relevance of PA-I38 variants, underscoring the need for continuous genomic surveillance and the development of next-generation antiviral strategies that target highly conserved viral functions.</em></p> Ameer Najy Obeed Zainab Nadhum Aziz Jaafar Hamid Jaafar Al-Waeli Copyright (c) 2025 Ameer Najy Obeed, Zainab Nadhum Aziz, Jaafar Hamid Jaafar Al-Waeli https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2025-11-17 2025-11-17 3 1 8 15 10.61796/jmgcb.v3i1.1589