Journal of Medical Genetics and Clinical Biology

MULTIFORM EXUDATIVE ERYTHEMA OF THE ORAL MUCOSA: DIAGNOSIS AND COMPREHENSIVE TREATMENT

Gurbanov Ramin Yagub — 2025-12-14

Objective: This study aims to improve the diagnosis and comprehensive treatment of multiform exudative erythema (MEE) in patients through a developed treatment algorithm, evaluating both subjective and objective criteria of the oral mucosa and local humoral immunity. Method: A total of 81 patients with MEE were treated according to a developed treatment protocol, with 30 patients in a comparison group receiving traditional therapy. Patient assessments included clinical examinations, immunological testing (s-IgA, IL-6, phagocytic index), and dental quality-of-life indicators using the OHIP-14-RU questionnaire. The main group received the newly developed therapeutic algorithm, while the comparison group received traditional treatments. Results: The main group showed significant improvements in pain reduction, lesion healing, and oral mucosa condition compared to the comparison group. The OHIP-14-RU scores improved by 8 points in the main group, indicating enhanced quality of life. Novelty: The study introduces a new therapeutic-hygienic algorithm for MEE treatment, which results in faster healing, improved clinical and immunological parameters, and a significant improvement in oral health-related quality of life.

GENERALIZED PERIODONTITIS AND THE FACTOR OF TRAUMATIC OCCLUSION

Musayeva Hanife Hamdi — 2025-12-14

Objective: This study aimed to determine the role of occlusal factors in the development of localized periodontitis (LPT) and emphasize the necessity for functionally justified restorations of the chewing surfaces of teeth. Method: The study involved 80 patients (12 men, 68 women, aged 22-63 years) diagnosed with localized periodontitis. Clinical examination, laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF), and radiographic analysis were used for diagnosis. Participants were divided into two groups and received professional oral hygiene, endodontic treatments, and medicamentous treatments, including the use of temporary splints and crowns. Results: The main group showed rapid wound healing and reduced inflammation symptoms after treatment, with a shorter healing time compared to the comparison group. The main group also exhibited better long-term outcomes, with a 23.5% reduction in the periodontal pocket depth, whereas the comparison group showed a 15.6% reduction. The microcirculation indicator significantly improved in the main group, highlighting better recovery. Novelty: The study introduces the effectiveness of orthopedic methods in treating periodontitis, particularly the use of temporary prostheses to eliminate traumatic occlusion, which significantly enhances healing and reduces inflammation compared to traditional methods. This approach provides a new perspective on treating localized periodontitis linked to occlusal disturbances.

THE INTERACTION BETWEEN THE IMMUNE SYSTEM AND METHAMPHETAMINE ADDICTION: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF CYTOKINES AND IMMUNE CELL CHANGES

Hussein Ali Mohammed AL-Ukaily — 2025-12-18

Objective: This study aims to study the interaction between methamphetamine use and the immune system, by analyzing changes in cytokines and the pattern of immune cell distribution in users. Method: The study used a comparative analytical approach that included a group of users and a control group. Blood samples were collected and analyzed using ELISA and flow cytometry techniques. Results: The expected results revealed a significant increase in the levels of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6) and a decrease in regulatory cytokines (IL-10), in addition to a decrease in the CD4+/CD8+ ratio and an imbalance between natural killer cells and macrophages. The study also indicates a positive correlation between the duration of use and the severity of immune changes, reflecting a cumulative effect over time. These findings highlight the pivotal role of the immune system in the addiction cycle and suggest the potential for immunological markers to serve as tools for early diagnosis or therapeutic guidance. Novelty: This study provides a new scientific contribution to understanding the immune mechanisms underlying methamphetamine addiction and calls for further applied research to develop therapeutic strategies based on modulating immune pathways, which enhance recovery opportunities and reduce behavioral relapses.

PATHOGENICITY AND VIRULENCE FACTORS OF PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA: A MINI REVIEW

Juman Oday Sabri — 2025-12-31

Objective: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, also known as P. aeruginosa, is a Gram-negative opportunistic bacteria that can infect people with burn injuries, cancer, immunodeficiency, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cystic brosis, and severe infections as COVID-19 that need ventilation. Additionally, P. aeruginosa is frequently employed as a model bacterium in all fields of biology. Due to the extensive use of antibiotics and the sluggish development of effective antimicrobials, new theoretical and practical platforms are needed to screen and create mechanism-tested innovative medications to treat intractable infections, especially those caused by strains that are resistant to multiple treatments. Method: This article provides a comprehensive overview and discussion of the present status of P. aeruginosa biophysical features, behaviors, virulence factors, invasive regulators, and host defense mechanisms against its infection. Results: These findings point to new directions for future investigation and aid in the creation of innovative and/or substitute therapies to combat this clinically important infection. Novelty: Along with ongoing, vigourous attempts to comprehend P. aeruginosa bacterial pathogenesis, including virulence factors (LPS, quorum sensing, two-component systems, six-type secretion systems, outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), CRISPR-Cas and their control). the mechanisms of drug resistance caused by mammalian cell signaling pathways and known or unknown bacterial virulence factors.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PARENTAL BEHAVIOR IN MAINTAINING DENTAL HEALTH AND DENTAL CARIES EXPERIENCE IN PRESCHOOL CHILDREN

Anis Khoirin Hayati — 2025-12-31

Objective: The high prevalence of dental caries among preschool children in Indonesia and the central role of parental behavior in maintaining children’s oral health form the background of this study. The aim was to analyze the relationship between parents’ oral health maintenance behavior and the experience of permanent dental caries (DMFT) in preschool children in Sidoarjo City. Methods: This research employed a descriptive analytic design with a cross-sectional approach involving 30 children aged 3–6 years and 30 parents selected through total sampling. Parental behavior was assessed using a questionnaire, while children’s caries experience was evaluated using a DMFT index adapted for children. Data were analyzed univariately to describe respondents’ characteristics and bivariately using Spearman’s correlation test to examine the relationship between parental behavior and caries experience. Results: The results showed that most parents had a moderate level of oral health maintenance behavior, and most children’s permanent dental caries experience was in the moderate category. Spearman’s test revealed a strong and significant positive correlation between parental behavior and children’s permanent dental caries experience (p=0.003; r=0.78), indicating that poorer parental oral health behavior is associated with higher caries levels in children. Novelty: The study concludes that there is a strong relationship between parents’ oral health maintenance behavior and permanent dental caries experience in preschool children; therefore, educational interventions targeting parents need to be strengthened to reduce the burden of caries in children.

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE–DRIVEN MACHINE LEARNING IN LABORATORY MEDICINE AND CANCER BIOLOGY: ENHANCING DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY, PROGNOSTIC ASSESSMENT, AND THERAPEUTIC DECISION-MAKING

Md. Fatin — 2026-01-04

Objective: Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) are progressively revolutionizing laboratory medicine and cancer biology by augmenting diagnostic precision, refining prognostic evaluation, and facilitating individualized therapeutic decision-making. The increasing complexity of clinical data, along with ongoing diagnostic errors and variations in treatment outcomes, has made a strong case for integrating AI-driven analytical methods into modern healthcare systems. Method: This discussion examines how AI's role is changing across the diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic continua. It discusses both its clinical impact and the challenges of implementing it. Results: Diagnostic tools powered by AI are very effective at interpreting lab data, medical images, and histopathology. They are often just as accurate and consistent as traditional methods. In oncology, AI-driven prognostic models amalgamate multidimensional datasets, encompassing clinical, imaging, genomic, and proteomic data, to yield more accurate forecasts of disease progression, recurrence, and survival. These features directly support precision medicine by enabling patients to be grouped by risk and treated on an individual basis. AI-powered clinical decision support systems also help doctors choose the best treatment options by combining extensive evidence, real-world outcomes, and patient-specific traits. Novelty: Many AI models are "black boxes," making it hard to understand how they work and reducing doctors' trust in them. Also, differences in infrastructure and resources make it harder to use AI fairly, especially in low- and middle-income countries. To fully realize the potential of AI, it will be essential to deal with ethical, technical, and infrastructure issues. This will lead to better, more efficient, and more patient-centered healthcare.