Main Article Content
Abstract
Objective: To explore the importance of integrating nutrition and responsive caregiving in promoting child development, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where children face higher risks of malnutrition and developmental vulnerabilities. Methods: The study employed a targeted literature review and qualitative synthesis of key frameworks, including the Nurturing Care Framework and the Conceptual Framework for All Children Surviving and Thriving. It analyzed intervention outcomes focusing on physical, cognitive, and emotional developmental domains. Results: Findings reveal that integrated interventions combining nutrition and responsive caregiving lead to significantly better child development outcomes compared to nutrition-only programs. Children receiving integrated care showed improvements in physical growth, cognitive abilities, socioemotional well-being, and overall development. This underscores the importance of adopting holistic, multisectoral approaches that prioritize nurturing care and early learning alongside physical health. Novelty: This study highlights the critical gap in previous research, which often overlooked the role of nurturing care in cognitive and socioemotional growth. It emphasizes the need for comprehensive, context-specific strategies to scale up integrated child development interventions in LMICs, aiming to address resource constraints and enhance global child health policies.
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References
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References
M. M. Black et al., "Early childhood development coming of age: Science through the life course," The Lancet, vol. 389, no. 10064, pp. 77–90, 2017. [Online]. Available: https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=UTIVAyAAAAAJ
Z. A. Bhutta et al., "Evidence-based interventions for improvement of maternal and child nutrition: What can be done and at what cost?," The Lancet, vol. 382, no. 9890, pp. 452–477, 2013.
S. Grantham-McGregor et al., "Developmental potential in the first 5 years for children in developing countries," The Lancet, vol. 369, no. 9555, pp. 60–70, 2007.
S. P. Walker et al., "Inequality in early childhood: Risk and protective factors for early child development," The Lancet, vol. 378, no. 9799, pp. 1325–1338, 2011.
L. C. H. Fernald, P. Kariger, P. Engle, and A. Raikes, Examining early child development in low-income countries: A toolkit for the assessment of children in the first five years of life. The World Bank, 2009.
P. L. Engle et al., "Strategies for reducing inequalities and improving developmental outcomes for young children in low-income and middle-income countries," The Lancet, vol. 378, no. 9799, pp. 1339–1353, 2011.
D. C. McCoy et al., "Early childhood developmental status in low- and middle-income countries: National, regional, and global prevalence estimates using predictive modeling," PLoS Medicine, vol. 13, no. 6, e1002034, 2016. [Online]. Available: https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=iPupn-kAAAAJ
C. Mayombe, "Needs assessment for vocational skills training for unemployed youth in eThekwini Municipality, South Africa," Higher Education, Skills and Work-Based Learning, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 18–33, 2021. [Online]. Available: https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=wqZEDnYAAAAJ
Z. Mseleku, "Youth employment recovery in the post-COVID-19 economy: The potential role of education and training," Commonwealth Youth & Development, vol. 20, no. 2, 2022. [Online]. Available: https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=T80yALAAAAAJ
H. Bhorat and N. Mayet, "The impact of sectoral minimum wage laws on employment, wages, and hours of work in South Africa," IZA Journal of Labor & Development, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 1–27, 2013. [Online]. Available: https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=wE3VLDwAAAAJ
K. Grace, M. E. Brown, and A. McNally, "Examining the link between food security and malnutrition," Population and Environment, vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 1–31, 2014. [Online]. Available: https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=qgKdJWMAAAAJ
A. S. Masten, "Global perspectives on resilience in children and youth," Child Development, vol. 85, no. 1, pp. 6–20, 2014. [Online]. Available: https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=5dCOxdgAAAAJ
M. M. Black, A. C. Trude, and C. K. Lutter, "All children thrive: Integration of nutrition and early childhood development," Annual Review of Nutrition, vol. 40, no. 1, pp. 375–406, 2020.
M. M. Black, C. K. Lutter, and A. C. Trude, "All children surviving and thriving: Re-envisioning UNICEF's conceptual framework of malnutrition," The Lancet Global Health, vol. 8, no. 6, pp. e766–e767, 2020.
M. M. Black, A. Singhal, and C. H. Hillman, Eds., Building Future Health and Well-Being of Thriving Toddlers and Young Children: 95th Nestlé Nutrition Institute Workshop, September 2020. Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers, 2020.
H. Skouteris et al., "Nurturing children's development through healthy eating and active living: Time for policies to support effective interventions in the context of responsive emotional support and early learning," Health & Social Care in the Community, vol. 30, no. 6, pp. e6719–e6729, 2022.
A. K. Ettinger et al., "Defining and measuring child and youth thriving: A scoping review," Pediatrics, vol. 150, no. 5, e2022056902, 2022.
T. Gleason and D. Narvaez, "Beyond resilience to thriving: Optimizing child wellbeing," International Journal of Wellbeing, vol. 9, no. 4, 2019.
J. P. Shonkoff, L. Richter, J. Van Der Gaag, and Z. A. Bhutta, "An integrated scientific framework for child survival and early childhood development," Pediatrics, vol. 129, no. 2, e460–e472, 2012.
P. Parekh, "Striving and thriving: Perceiving socio-economic condition of children in contemporary India using the SDG approach."