LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICS OF CERVICAL CANCER

Cervical cancer Laboratory diagnostics Human papillomavirus (HPV) HPV DNA testing Pap smear Cytology Liquid biopsy Molecular markers p16INK4A Ki-67 Artificial intelligence (AI) Screening Colposcopy Visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) Early detection Biomarkers Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) Exosomes MicroRNA (miRNA) Cancer diagnostics Global health

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January 15, 2025

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Objective: This study examines current laboratory diagnostic techniques for cervical cancer, focusing on their application in diverse healthcare settings, with the goal of improving early detection and management. Methods: The research explores various diagnostic methods, including Pap smears, HPV DNA testing, and visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA), alongside advancements such as liquid-based cytology, molecular biomarkers, and artificial intelligence (AI). Comparative analysis highlights their effectiveness, sensitivity, and suitability across resource-diverse contexts. Results: Findings reveal that co-testing with cytology and HPV DNA testing offers superior sensitivity, while molecular diagnostics and liquid biopsy show promise for precision medicine. AI-based tools enhance diagnostic efficiency, particularly in underserved regions. However, challenges in accessibility, cost, and expertise persist in low-resource settings. Novelty: This study underscores the transformative potential of emerging technologies like AI-assisted diagnostics and liquid biopsy, emphasizing their role in bridging healthcare disparities and supporting the World Health Organization’s goal of eliminating cervical cancer by 2030.