ASSESSMENT THE POST OPERATIVE COMPLICATION AMONG PATIENTS WITH GENERAL ANESTHESIA
Downloads
Objective: Each year, increasing numbers of people are undergoing surgery. Many of these patients are older and have multiple comorbidities. General anesthesia is very common anesthetic procedure which is used in several surgical approaches. Without general anesthesia many of these surgeries are lifesaving or life-changing and would not be possible. But all medical procedures are associated with some complications, even when they are performed by experts. The severity and rate of these complications depend on patient's state of health. Method: A Descriptive quantitative design study has been used in the present study to estimate the Post operative complication among patient undergo the general anesthesia at Al-Sadder Medical City and Al-Hakeem hospital during the October,15th, 2023 to March,28th ,2024. Results: According to the current study sample researcher found the most common complication in the respiratory system was difficult breathing (50%). Regarding Gastrointestinal complications recent study showed that the highest percentage were nausea (71.0%), constipation (68.33%) and vomiting (58%). The highest percentages of complication in the cardiovascular system was hypotension (41.7%). There is low percent in urinary incontinence and dysuria with (20%) and (16.67%). Regarding to the general complications the result show that headache is the most common with (82%) from all sample. Novelty: Most of precent study sample were diabetic patient (66.7%), those with previous surgery (66.7%), those with only one previous surgery (25%), the most complication after general anesthesia were Headache, Nausea, Chills, Constipation Motor deficit. And there is no correlation between patient who had previous surgery and who had not.
N. Huq, Local Anesthesia for Plastic Surgery, An Issue of Clinics in Plastic Surgery, vol. 40, no. 4. Elsevier Health Sciences, 2013.
B. Hadder, “Pulmonary Complications after General Anesthesia,” 2013.
A. Afroz, R. U. Khan, and C. S. Kormokar, “General Anesthesia Complications in Different Surgeries: A Single Center Study in Bangladesh,” Saudi J Med, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 18–23, 2023.
P. Paul and B. Williams, Canadian textbook of medical-surgical nursing. Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2016.
L. S. Williams and P. D. Hopper, Understanding medical surgical nursing. FA Davis, 2015.
L. S. Brunner, S. C. Smeltzer, B. G. Bare, J. L. Hinkle, and K. H. Cheever, Brunner & Suddarth’s Textbook of Medical-surgical Nursing. Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2010. [Online]. Available: https://books.google.iq/books?id=SmtjSD1x688C
A. C. Adler and M. Raghavendra (Raghu), “General Anesthesia,” in Medscape, 2018.
J. N. Kumar and P. Ravi, “Postoperative Care of the Maxillofacial Surgery Patient,” in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery for the Clinician, 2021, pp. 239–255.
L. Niemi-Murola, J. Jalonen, E. Junttila, K. Metsävainio, and R. Pöyhiä, Anestesiologian ja tehohoidon perusteet. Helsinki: Kustannus Oy Duodecim, 2012.
P. Brander and T. Varpula, “Keuhkosairaudet. Hengitysvajaus. Kaasujenvaihtohäiriö,” 2014, Kustannus Oy Duodecim.
H. Kehlet and J. B. Dahl, “Anaesthesia, surgery, and challenges in postoperative recovery,” Lancet, vol. 362, no. 9399, pp. 1921–1928, 2003.
L. Paavolainen and J. Wallstedt, “Post-operative complications of general anesthesia: a recorded video presentation,” 2016.
J. L. Hinkle and K. H. Cheever, Study guide for Brunner & Suddarth’s textbook of medical-surgical nursing. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2013.
S. Mert, “The Significance of Nursing Care in the Post-anesthesia Care Unit and Barriers to Care,” Intensive Care Res., pp. 1–10, 2023.
D. Rudolphi, “Postoperative care,” in Lewis’s Medical-Surgical Nursing, 12th ed., M. M. Harding, J. Kwong, D. Hagler, and C. Reinisch, Eds., Elsevier, 2023.
D. Hagler, C. Reinisch, M. M. Harding, and J. Kwong, Lewis’s Medical-Surgical Nursing E-Book: Assessment and Management of Clinical Problems, Single Volume. Elsevier Health Sciences, 2022.
B. Gurel and S. Koçaşlı, “Recovery quality and nursing care of postoperative patients,” Türkiye Sağlık Bilim ve Araştırmaları Derg., vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 12–30, 2022.
A. D. Kane et al., “The incidence of potentially serious complications during non‐obstetric anaesthetic practice in the United Kingdom: an analysis from the 7th National Audit Project (NAP7) activity survey,” Anaesthesia, vol. 79, no. 1, pp. 43–53, 2024.
A. D. Kane, R. A. Armstrong, E. Kursumovic, T. M. Cook, and J. Soar, “The 7th UK National Audit Project (NAP7). The challenges of defining, studying and learning from peri‐operative cardiac arrest,” Anaesthesia, vol. 76, no. 8, pp. 1026–1030, 2021.
J. Ohta, T. Suto, D. Kato, T. Hiroki, H. Obata, and S. Saito, “Loss of endogenous analgesia leads to delayed recovery from incisional pain in a rat model of chronic neuropathic pain,” Brain Res., vol. 1727, p. 146568, 2020.
C. P. L. Jones, J. Fawker‐Corbett, P. Groom, B. Morton, C. Lister, and S. J. Mercer, “Human factors in preventing complications in anaesthesia: a systematic review,” Anaesthesia, vol. 73, pp. 12–24, 2018.
L. Tiret, F. Hatton, J. M. Desmonts, and G. Vourc’h, “Prediction of outcome of anaesthesia in patients over 40 years: a multifactorial risk index,” Stat. Med., vol. 7, no. 9, pp. 947–954, 1988.
M. Naguib, M. M. A. Magboul, and R. Jaroudi, “Adverse effects of general anaesthetics: Incidence and therapeutic implications,” CNS Drugs, vol. 10, pp. 119–144, 1998.
G. Li, M. Warner, B. H. Lang, L. Huang, and L. S. Sun, “Epidemiology of anesthesia-related mortality in the United States, 1999–2005,” J. Am. Soc. Anesthesiol., vol. 110, no. 4, pp. 759–765, 2009.
A. C. Silva, F. O’Ryan, and D. B. Poor, “Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) after orthognathic surgery: a retrospective study and literature review,” J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg., vol. 64, no. 9, pp. 1385–1397, 2006.
E. E. Dencker, A. Bonde, A. Troelsen, K. M. Varadarajan, and M. Sillesen, “Postoperative complications: an observational study of trends in the United States from 2012 to 2018,” BMC Surg., vol. 21, no. 1, p. 393, 2021.
M. M. A. Kreem and R. A.-H. Hamza, “Effectiveness of educational program on nurses’ knowledge regarding pre and post-operative nursing management,” Int. J. Public Heal. Res. Dev., vol. 10, no. 01, p. 964, 2019.
G. Umpierrez et al., “Randomized controlled trial of intensive versus conservative glucose control in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery: GLUCO-CABG trial,” Diabetes Care, vol. 38, no. 9, pp. 1665–1672, 2015.
P. A. Lone, N. A. Wani, Q. ul Ain, A. Heer, R. Devi, and S. Mahajan, “Common postoperative complications after general anesthesia in oral and maxillofacial surgery,” Natl. J. Maxillofac. Surg., vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 206–210, 2021.
B. Celik and Ö. Bilik, “Postoperative constipation ruincidence and effects of selected risk factors on constipation development in elderly patients with hip fracture,” Orthop. Nurs., vol. 41, no. 6, pp. 397–405, 2022.
V. Marulasiddappa and H. N. Nethra, “A survey on awareness about the role of anesthesia and anesthesiologists among the patients undergoing surgeries in a tertiary care teaching women and children hospital,” Anesth. Essays Res., vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 144–150, 2017.
P. Hoppe, K. Kouz, and B. Saugel, “Perioperative hypotension: clinical impact, diagnosis, and therapeutic approaches,” J. Emerg. Crit. Care Med., vol. 4, p. 8, 2020.
I. Tennant et al., “Minor postoperative complications related to anesthesia in elective gynecological and orthopedic surgical patients at a teaching hospital in Kingston, Jamaica,” Rev. Bras. Anestesiol., vol. 62, pp. 193–198, 2012.
M. Victoria, F. A. Carvalho-Costa, M. B. Heinemann, J. P. Leite, and M. Miagostovich, “Prevalence and molecular epidemiology of noroviruses in hospitalized children with acute gastroenteritis in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 2004,” Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J., vol. 26, no. 7, pp. 602–606, 2007.
L. H. J. Eberhart et al., “Independent risk factors for postoperative shivering,” Anesth. Analg., vol. 101, no. 6, pp. 1849–1857, 2005.
Copyright (c) 2025 Mariam Mohammed Ali Kareem, Ali Fadel Abbas, Nada Jassem Yassien, Thuraya Ali Baseer, Layla Raheem Hakem

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.














