THE RELATIONSHIP OF SERUM VITAMIN 25(OH)D3-LEVELS WITH WOMEN OBESITY
Downloads
Objectives: This paper aims to evaluate the relationship between vitamin D3 levels and obesity in adult women compared to normal weight women. Method: Ninety-six (96) women them age around (20-50) years were collected and classified into three groups based on BMI categories. ELISA kit was used to measure vitamin D3 levels in serum of blood. Results: The results showed significantly lower vitamin D3 levels (15.28±1.13) in obese and overweight women (22.46 ±1.31) compared to normal weight group (34.40 ±2.43) at p≤ 0.05, and a negative significant correlation between vitamin25(OH) D3 levels and BMI in obese women. Novelty: This finding suggested that vitamin D3 deficiency in obese women may be due to its storage in adipose tissue which reduces its levels in the bloodstream. In addition to other different mechanism. More studies are required for detect the complex interchange between vitamin D3 and obesity to know more about the biological mechanism of action.
H. E. Bays, C. F. Kirkpatrick, K. C. Maki, P. P. Toth, R. T. Morgan, J. Tondt, dan T. A. Jacobson, “Obesity, dyslipidemia, and cardiovascular disease: A joint expert review from the Obesity Medicine Association and the National Lipid Association 2024,” Journal of Clinical Lipidology, vol. 18, no. 3, pp. e320–e350, 2024.
X. Y. Liu, S. Y. Ge, C. A. Liu, B. Yin, Z. T. Bu, X. Zheng, dan H. P. Shi, “Validation of the 2024 European Association for the Study of Obesity diagnostic criteria: A comprehensive assessment of obesity‐related mortality risks,” Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, 2025.
F. Athar, M. Karmani, dan N. M. Templeman, “Metabolic hormones are integral regulators of female reproductive health and function,” Bioscience Reports, vol. 44, no. 1, 2024.
E. Mazza, E. Troiano, Y. Ferro, F. Lisso, M. Tosi, E. Turco, dan T. Montalcini, “Obesity, dietary patterns, and hormonal balance modulation: gender-specific impacts,” Nutrients, vol. 16, no. 11, p. 1629, 2024.
O. Bardhi, P. Dubey, B. F. Palmer, dan D. J. Clegg, “Oestrogens, adipose tissues and environmental exposures influence obesity and diabetes across the lifecycle,” Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, vol. 83, no. 4, pp. 263–270, 2024.
D. Ruiz-González, I. Cavero-Redondo, A. Hernández-Martínez, A. Baena-Raya, S. Martínez-Forte, S. Altmäe, dan A. Soriano-Maldonado, “Comparative efficacy of exercise, diet and/or pharmacological interventions on BMI, ovulation, and hormonal profile in reproductive-aged women with overweight or obesity: a systematic review and network meta-analysis,” Human Reproduction Update, vol. 30, no. 4, pp. 472–487, 2024.
J. H. Mahmoud dan I. A. H. Muhammad, “Study of concentrations of some vitamins in women with type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance,” Journal Port Science Research, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 101–106, 2025.
A. Alloubani, L. Akhu-Zaheya, R. Samara, I. Abdulhafiz, A. Saleh, dan A. Altowijri, “Relationship between vitamin D deficiency, diabetes, and obesity,” Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 1457–1461, 2019.
T. Soric, A. Saric, dan M. M. Saric, “Vitamin D, public health, and personalized nutrition,” 2025.
M. Nikolova, K. Kilova, L. Rangelova, V. Petkova, R. Mileva-Popova, A. Petrov, dan A. Alakidi, “Association of serum vitamin D status with dietary intake in adults with overweight and obesity,” Pharmacia, vol. 72, pp. 1–11, 2025.
M. Pereira, P. R. de Farias Costa, E. M. Pereira, I. R. de Lima Lago, dan A. M. Oliveira, “Does vitamin D deficiency increase the risk of obesity in adults and the elderly? A systematic review of prospective cohort studies,” Public Health, vol. 190, pp. 123–131, 2021.
S. W. Chang dan H. C. Lee, “Vitamin D and health – The missing vitamin in humans,” Pediatrics & Neonatology, vol. 60, no. 3, pp. 237–244, 2019.
M. Umar, K. S. Sastry, dan A. I. Chouchane, “Role of vitamin D beyond the skeletal function: A review of the molecular and clinical studies,” International Journal of Molecular Sciences, vol. 19, no. 6, p. 1618, 2018.
M. De Martinis et al., “Vitamin D deficiency, osteoporosis and effect on autoimmune diseases and hematopoiesis: A review,” International Journal of Molecular Sciences, vol. 22, no. 16, p. 8855, 2021.
I. Szymczak-Pajor, K. Miazek, A. Selmi, A. Balcerczyk, dan A. Śliwińska, “The action of vitamin D in adipose tissue: Is there the link between vitamin D deficiency and adipose tissue-related metabolic disorders?,” International Journal of Molecular Sciences, vol. 23, no. 2, p. 956, 2022.
World Health Organization, Obesity and Overweight. 2020. [Online]. Available: https://www.who.int/newsroom/fact-sheets/detail/obesity-and-overweight
S. Makariou, E. N. Liberopoulos, M. Elisaf, dan A. Challa, “Novel roles of vitamin D in disease: What is new in 2011?,” European Journal of Internal Medicine, vol. 22, no. 4, pp. 355–362, 2011.
L. Vranić, I. Mikolašević, dan S. Milić, “Vitamin D deficiency: Consequence or cause of obesity?,” Medicina, vol. 55, no. 9, p. 541, 2019.
V. I. Fiamenghi dan E. D. D. Mello, “Vitamin D deficiency in children and adolescents with obesity: A meta-analysis,” Jornal de Pediatria, vol. 97, no. 3, pp. 273–279, 2021.
L. W. Chen et al., “Low vitamin D level was associated with metabolic syndrome and high leptin level in subjects with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A community-based study,” BMC Gastroenterology, vol. 19, p. 1, 2019.
F. A. Cimini et al., “Relationship between adipose tissue dysfunction, vitamin D deficiency and the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease,” World Journal of Gastroenterology, vol. 23, no. 19, pp. 3407, 2017.
J. L. Nobre et al., “Leptin blocks the inhibitory effect of vitamin D on adipogenesis and cell proliferation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes,” General and Comparative Endocrinology, vol. 266, pp. 1–8, 2018.
J. Li et al., “Obesity and leptin influence vitamin D metabolism and action in human marrow stromal cells,” Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, vol. 198, p. 105564, 2020.
J. Pérez-Pérez, F. Sánchez-Jiménez, T. Vilariño-García, dan V. Sánchez-Margalet, “Role of leptin in inflammation and vice versa,” International Journal of Molecular Sciences, vol. 21, no. 16, p. 5887, 2020.
R. Holt et al., “Weight loss induces changes in vitamin D status in women with obesity but not in men: A randomized clinical trial,” The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, dgae775, 2024.
M. Kazeminia, F. Rajati, R. Rasulehvandi, dan M. Rajati, “The effect of vitamin D on the hormonal profile of women with polycystic ovarian syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis,” Middle East Fertility Society Journal, vol. 29, no. 1, p. 45, 2024.
S. C. Siahaan, A. Idarto, S. H. Lestari, F. Usman, dan F. A. Tannus, “Correlation of vitamin D levels with insulin resistance in women with PCOS,” Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, vol. 16, no. 12, pp. 5855–5859, 2023.
M. N. Abed, F. A. Alassaf, dan M. E. Qazzaz, “Exploring the interplay between vitamin D, insulin resistance, obesity and skeletal health,” Journal of Bone Metabolism, vol. 31, no. 2, pp. 75, 2024.
C. Argano et al., “The role of vitamin D and its molecular bases in insulin resistance, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular disease: State of the art,” International Journal of Molecular Sciences, vol. 24, no. 20, p. 15485, 2023.
R. A. Halalsheh, L. A. Soufan, dan H. J. Al-Tamimi, “The association between vitamin D deficiency, obesity, and insulin resistance among the Jordanian population,” Jordan Journal of Biological Sciences, vol. 16, no. 4, 2023.
X. Lei, Q. Zhou, Y. Wang, S. Fu, Z. Li, dan Q. Chen, “Serum and supplemental vitamin D levels and insulin resistance in T2DM populations: A meta-analysis and systematic review,” Scientific Reports, vol. 13, no. 1, p. 12343, 2023.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ghadeer Hamid AL- Ardhi
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
