THE PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS AMONG PATIENTS WITH CORONAVIRUS AFTER RECOVERING
Downloads
Objective: The Psychological Distress among Patients with Coronavirus after Recovering. Due to that public health emergencies resulting from COVID-19 are negatively impacting the mental health of the population affected by COVID pandemic. Method: A descriptive – analytic study Online sample that selected from Al Najaf Governorate from January 15th2021 through July 1st2021. Participants were invited to complete the GHQ-28 scale during the quarantine period. Results: A total of n = 199 surveys completed by patients with coronavirus. (53.77 %) of them have moderate levels according to the total score of 28-GH scale. And no significant relationship between demographic data and total 28-GH assessment. Novelty: The COVID-19 quarantine was associated with stresses and significant increases in symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress in patients with coronavirus. The patients require increased access to mental health services to meet this increase in COVID-19-related psychological distress.
Brasil, Ministério da Saúde, Clinical management protocol for the new coronavirus (2019-nCoV), cited Feb. 12, 2020.
World Health Organization, WHO Q&A Details, coronaviruses (COVID-19), Mar. 2020.
N. Al-Hamoodi, B. Hadi, and K. M. N. Al Asadi, “Medico Legal Update,” Medico Legal Update, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 118–124, 2021.
World Health Organization, Emergency Committee Regarding the Outbreak of Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV), Jan. 20, 2020.
E. A. Holmes, R. C. O’Connor, V. H. Perry, I. Tracey, S. Wessely, L. Arseneault, et al., “Multidisciplinary research priorities for the COVID-19 pandemic: A call for action for mental health science,” Lancet Psychiatry, vol. 7, pp. 547–560, 2020.
J. Mirowsky and C. E. Ross, “Selecting outcomes for the sociology of mental health: Issues of measurement and dimensionality,” J. Health Soc. Behav., vol. 43, pp. 152–170, 2002.
B. Wheaton, “The twain meets: distress, disorder and the continuing conundrum of categories,” Health, vol. 11, pp. 303–319, 2007.
K. Usher, J. Durkin, and N. Bhullar, “The COVID-19 pandemic and mental health impacts,” Int. J. Mental Health Nurs., vol. 29, pp. 315–318, 2020.
K. Kotfis, S. Williams Roberson, J. E. Wilson, W. Dabrowski, B. T. Pun, and E. W. Ely, “COVID-19: ICU delirium management during SARS-CoV-2 pandemic,” Crit. Care, 2020.
E. Zambrelli, M. Canevini, O. Gambini, and A. D’Agostino, “Delirium and sleep disturbances in COVID-19: A possible role for melatonin in hospitalized patients,” Sleep Med., 2020.
L. Mao, H. Jin, M. Wang, et al., “Neurologic Manifestations of Hospitalized Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Wuhan, China,” JAMA Neurol., 2020.
Varatharaj, N. Thomas, M. Ellul, N. W. S. Davies, T. Pollak, E. L. Tenorio, et al., “UK-Wide Surveillance of Neurological and Neuropsychiatric Complications of COVID-19: The First 153 Patients,” Lancet Psychiatry, 2020.
M. K. Yoon, S. Y. Kim, H. S. Ko, and M. S. Lee, “System effectiveness of detection, brief intervention and refer to treatment for the people with post-traumatic emotional distress by MERS,” Int. J. Ment. Health Syst., 2016.
D. L. Reynolds, J. R. Garay, S. L. Deamond, M. K. Moran, W. Gold, and R. Styra, “Understanding, compliance and psychological impact of the SARS quarantine experience,” Epidemiol. Infect., 2008.
Thabet and P. Vostanis, “The Validity and Reliability of Arabic Version of General Health Questionnaire in the Gaza Strip,” Palestinian Med. J., vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 33–36, 2005.
M. Looti, General Health Questionnaire-28 (GHQ-28) [Internet], Psychological Scales & Instruments Database, 2025, cited Nov. 12, 2025. Available: https://db.arabpsychology.com/scales/general-health-questionnaire-28-ghq-28/
R. Moreta-Herrera, A. Rodríguez-Lorenzana, G. Mascialino, F. Castro-Ochoa, V. Narváez-Pillco, T. Caycho-Rodríguez, and M. Mayorga-Lascano, “Psychometric properties of the 28-item General Health Scale (GHQ-28),” Psychology Hub, vol. 41, no. 3, pp. 43–54, 2024.
S. Burke, E. Berry, S. Taylor, O. Stafford, E. Murphy, M. Shevlin, et al., “Increased Psychological Distress during COVID-19 and Quarantine in Ireland: A National Survey,” J. Clin. Med., 2020.
S. A. Lauer, K. H. Grantz, B. Qi, F. K. Jones, Q. Zheng, H. R. Meredith, et al., “The Incubation Period of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) From Publicly Reported Confirmed Cases,” Ann. Intern. Med., 2020.
M. Elhadi, A. Alsoufi, A. Alhadi, A. Hmeida, E. Alshareea, M. Dokali, et al., “Knowledge, attitude, and acceptance of healthcare workers and the public regarding the COVID-19 vaccine: a cross-sectional study,” BMC Public Health, vol. 21, p. 955, 2021.
K. Janyam, “The Influence of Job Satisfaction on Mental Health of Factory Workers,” Internet J. Ment. Health, vol. 7, no. 1, 2009.
Copyright (c) 2025 Duaa Fatlawi

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.














