BIOCHEMICAL, HISTOCHEMICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF THE STOMACH AND CECUM IN RABBITS AND RATS
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Objective: To assess physiological variations from gastric and cecal activities, compare the biochemical makeup of secretions in rabbits and rats, and correlate structural variations with functional adaptations. Method: Ten samples from the stomach and cecum; five from each animal; were used. Results: Rats' omnivorous diet necessitates effective protein digestion, which is reflected in their higher acid as well as enzyme output. Rabbits have more mucus production and lower enzymatic activity because they rely more on fermentation by bacteria in the hindgut. Pyloric, fundic, and cardiac glands are present in rabbits, whereas the stomach of rats is devoid of cardiac glands. Fibrous plant material is stored and first processed in a conspicuous non-glandular area found in rabbits, while rats have a more active glandular region ideal for quick digestion. The number of goblet cells in the rabbit's cecum was generally higher. The rabbit cecum is specialized to high-efficiency, long-lasting fiber fermentation along with nutrient recycling via cecotrophy. Significant histochemical, biochemical, and physiological variations were observed in the stomach and cecum of rats and rabbits due to differences in food patterns and digestion processes. Novelty: The study highlights comparative histochemical, biochemical, and physiological adaptations of the stomach and cecum in rabbits and rats, emphasizing the relationship between dietary patterns, glandular structure, goblet cell density, mucin composition, and digestive functional specialization.
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