Estimate of Some Immune-Biomarkers in Children with Entamoeba Histolytica Infection
Downloads
The current work was aimed to evaluate of some immune-biomarkers in children with Entamoeba histolytica infection. General stool examination was done to patients for detection of E. histolytica infection. A total 150 patients of less than 13 years, whom attended the parasitology section at period February to June 2023. The chosen patients were suffered from abdominal pain and diarrhea. The results showed that gender is not related to infection with E. histolytica, as there were no significant (P≤0.05) differences between the proportions of males and females. The IgG concentration of infected children (24.05±3.94 ng/L) indicated a significant (P≤0.05) rise compared to the healthy children (11.72±2.55 ng/L). IgA concentration of infected children (159.42±18.62 ng/L) indicated a significant (P≤0.05) rise compared to the healthy children (38.93±7.01 ng/L). IgM concentration of infected children (4.84±0.45 ng/L) indicated a significant (P≤0.05) rise compared to the healthy children (2.17±0.35 ng/L). The IL-4 concentration of infected children (29.47±4.04 pg/ml) indicated a significant (P≤0.05) rise compared to the healthy children (16.54±3.94 pg/ml). IL-6 concentration of infected children (183.25±21.37 pg/ml) indicated a significant (P≤0.05) rise compared to the healthy children (26.12±4.51 pg/ml). The TLR2 levels of infected children (24.05±3.94 ng/L) indicated a significant (P≤0.05) rise compared to the healthy children (11.72±2.55 ng/L). therefore, its concluded that E. histolytica lead to a high immune response that leads to an increase in levels of immune parameters in infected children
Kadir M. A., Ibraheem S. D., Murad R. I. (2016). Comparison Between the Effect of Metronidazole and some Medical Herbs Extracts on Viability of Entamoeba histolytica Trophozoites in Vitro. Kirkuk J. Sci. 11(3): 278-289.
Flaih M H., Ruaa M. K., Manar K. K., Khwam R. H., Falah A. B. The epidemiology of amoebiasis in Thi-Qar Province, Iraq (2015-2020): differentiation of Entamoeba histolytica and Entamoeba dispar using nested and real-time polymerase chain reaction. Epidemiol Health. 2021:43:e2021034.
Ameen, F., Arzek, Z. Evaluation of infection of Entamoeba histolytica and Entamoeba dispar by using ELISA among patients in Kirkuk city. Kirkuk Journal of Medical Sciences, 2023; 11(2): 114-125.
Al-Areeqi M. A., Sady H., Al- Mekhlafi. (2017). First molecular epidemiology of Entamoeba histolytica E. dispar and E. moshkovskii infections in Yemen different species- specific associated risk factors. Trop. Med. Int. Health. 22: 493-504.
Ali O S., Shihab A. M., Yahya J. S. (2018). Relationship between Entamoeba histolytica and Fecal Calprotectin in Patients with Gastroenteritis in Kirkuk City-Iraq. EJMM., 27(2): 49-56
Obaid H. M. (2016). Detection and differentiation of Entamoeba histolytica and Entamoeba dispar by enzyme linked immuno sorbent assay. Kirkuk J. Sci. 11(3): 263-277.
Taher, H.M.; Mohamed, A.H.; Yaseen, S.S. (2023). Prevalence of Intestinal Parasitic Infections among children in Kirkuk city, Iraq. L. Revis Bionatura. 8(1): 18.
Marie C and Petri Jr W A (2014) Regulation of virulence of Entamoeba histolytica. Annual review of microbiology 68: 493- 520.
Abdul Wahab, R. A, Fadhil , A. M., Khadija, A.T. (2021). Effect of aqueous extract of chlorella sp. On Entamoeba histolytica parasite in vivo. J. Edu. Pur. Sci. 11(1): 41-46.
Mustafa Z. N., Abdurrahman A.A., Abdulgani M. (2015). Prevalence of Entameba histolyticaandEntameba dispar among the immune suppressed patients (cancer patients ) after receiving chemotherapy treatment in Azadi Teaching Hospital. Kirkuk J. Sci., 10(3):14-27.
Wilson IW, Weedall GD, Hall N. (2012). Host-parasite interactions in Entamoeba histolytica and Entamoeba dispar: What have we learned from their genomes? Parasite Immunol. 34(2-3):90-9.
Nassar S A, Al-Idreesi S R, Azzal Gh Y. (2022). Immune Responses in Patient Infected with Entamoeba histolytica and the Antigensity of Cyst in Basrah Province, Iraq. Iranian Journal of War & Public Health.14 (1):111-118.
Bansal D, Ave P, Kerneis S, Frileux P, Boché O, Baglin AC. (2009). An ex-vivo human intestinal model to study Entamoeba histolytica pathogenesis. Plops Negl Trop Dis, 3: e551.
Galván-Moroyoqui JM, Del CarmenDomínguez-Robles M, Meza I. (2011). Pathogenic bacteria prime the induction of toll-like receptor signalling in human colonic cells by the Gal/GalNAc lectin carbohydrate recognition domain of Entamoeba histolytica. Int J Parasitol, 41:1101–12.
Levy J. A. (1996). Infection by human immunodeficiency virus-CD4 is not enough. N. Eng. J. Med. 335: 1528-1530.
SAS. 2010. Statistical Analysis System, User's Guide. Statistical. Version 7th ed. SAS. Inst. Inc.Cary. N.C. USA.
Shrestha , B. (2001). Intestinal Parasitic Infestation in Health School Children in Lalitpur District.JNMA.41:266-270.
Tasawar , Z. ; Kausar , S. and Lashari , S. (2010). Prevalence of E. histolytica in Humans. Pak.J.Pharm.Sci. 23(3):344-348.
Klein, S. L. (2004). Hormonal and Immunological Mechanisms Mediating Sex Differences in Parasite Infection. Parasites Immunol. 26: 247-264.
Kia , E.B. ; Hosseini , M. ; Meamar , A.R. and Rezaein , M.(2008). Study of Intestinal Protozoan Parasites in Rural Inhabitants of Mazandaran Province, Northern Iran. Iranian J.Parasitol.3(1):21- 25.
Mohammed , M.T. ; Zeib , I.A. and Shwick , R.(2009). Epedimiological Study of Giardiasis among Children Under Five Years of Age. Al-Taqani. 22(2):128-135.
Sa'el , Y.K. (2009). Prevalence of Intestinal Parasites in Children in Baghdad City. Al-Taqani. 22(2):32-37.
Al-Saeed , A.T. and Issa , S.H. (2006). Frequency of Giardia lamblia among Children in Dohuk , Northern Iraq. East.Med.Health.J.12(5):555-561.
Ouattara M; N.’Gue´ssan , N.A; Yapi A and N’Goran , E.K. (2010) Prevalence and Spatial Distribution of Entamoeba histolytica/dispar and Giardia lamblia among Schoolchildren in Agboville Area . PLoS Negl Trop Dis 4(1): 574-580.
Tellez SA, Cortez RL, Aust Kettis A, Huldt G, Jonsson J, Schröder H. (1992). Amebiasis in Nicaragua: class specific serum antibody responses. Arch Med Res. 23: 261-264.
Abd-Alla MD, Jackson TF, Soong GC, Mazanec M, Ravdin JI. (2004). Identification of the Entamoeba histolytica galactose-inhibitable lectin epitopes recognized by human immunoglobulin A antibodies following cure of amebic liver abscess. Infect Immun. 72: 3974-3980.
Shetty N, Nagpal S, Rao PV, Schröder H. (1990). Detection of IgG, IgA, IgM, and IgE antibodies in invasive amoebiasis in endemic areas. Scand J Infect Dis. 22: 485-491.
Campbell , J.D. and Chadee , K. ( 1997 ) . Interleukin IL – 2 , IL – 4 and tumor necrosis factor – alpha responses during Entamoeba histolytica liver abscess development in gerbils . J. Infect. Dis. ;175 ( 5 ) : 1176 – 1183
Sanchez – Guillen , M.D.C. ; Perez – Fuentes , R. ; Salgado – Ross , H. ; Ruiz – Arguelles , A. ; Ackers , J. ; Shire , A. and Talamas – Rohana , P. ( 2002 ) . Differentiation of Entamoeba histolytica / Entamoeba dispar by PCR and their correlation with humoral and cellular immunity in individual with clinical variants of amoebiasis . Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 66 ( 6 ) : 731 – 737 .
Mosmann,T.R. and Sad , S. ( 1998 ) . The expanding universe of T-cell subsets : Th1 , Th2 and more . Immunol. Today . 17 : 138 – 146 .
Hemphill A, Müller N, Müller J. (2019). Comparative Pathobiology of the Intestinal Protozoan Parasites Giardia lamblia, Entamoeba histolytica, and Cryptosporidium parvum. Pathogens. 8(3): 8030116.2
Ma K, Zhang H, Baloch Z. (2016). Pathogenetic and therapeutic applications of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in major depressive disorder: a systematic review. Int J Mol Sci. 17(5): 17050733.
Tanaka T, Narazaki M, Kishimoto T. IL-6 in inflammation, immunity, and disease. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol.2014;6(10):a016295.
Ganz T, Nemeth E. (2015). Iron homeostasis in host defence and inflammation. Nat Rev Immunol. 15(8): 500-510.
Dobrovolskaia, M. A., A. E. Medvedev, K. E. Thomas, N. Cuesta, V. Toshchakov, T. Ren, M. J. Cody, S. M. Michalek, N. R. Rice, and S. N. Vogel. (2003). Induction of in vitro reprogramming by Toll-like receptor (TLR)2 and TLR4 agonists in murine macrophages: effects of TLR “homotolerance” versus “heterotolerance” on NF-kappa B signaling pathway components. J. Immunol.170:508-519.
Dalpke, A. H., M. D. Lehner, T. Hartung, and K. Heeg. (2005). Differential effects of CpG-DNA in Toll-like receptor-2/-4/-9 tolerance and cross-tolerance. Immunology116:203-212.
Copyright (c) 2024 Sunbul Jalal Shakour

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.














