Main Article Content
Abstract
The research aims to detect the presence of heavy elements in used clothes and to educate people about their dangers and the diseases they carry in order to provide some solutions and recommendations for this problem. To achieve this goal, laboratory tests (atomic spectrometer) were conducted, which included 12 samples from different areas of Diwaniyah Governorate on 2/2/2021. The samples came in varying proportions. The percentage of arsenic increased in the intersection street by 30% and decreased in Alawi Street by 25%. As for the cadmium element, its concentration increased in Alawi Street by 20% and decreased in Alawi Street by 10%. As for lead, its percentage increased in the intersection street by 15% and decreased in Alawi Street by 10%. This difference is due to the presence of a fuel filling station behind the intersection street, so the percentage was greater. The quality of the clothes was estimated to be low, bad and dangerous to human health. Therefore, we recommend the necessity of carrying out sterilization operations and increasing monitoring of the places of their import and display to ensure the efficiency of the treatment and sterilization facilities
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References
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- . A. I. Zakaria, "Determining the Preference of Textile Structures to Reduce the Physiological Comfort Properties of Sports Training Clothing," M.S. thesis, Dept. Spinning and Weaving Eng., Faculty of Applied Arts, Helwan University, 1998.
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- . W. Ghandour, H. L. Labqa, and A. Dabrha, "The Cumulative Capacity of Three Plant Species Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus camalduleulensis), Acacia (Acacia cyanophylla), and Castor (Ricinus communis) for Cadmium," Tishreen Univ. J. Sci. Res. Stud. Basic Sci. Ser., vol. 37, no. 3, 2015.
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- . J. Al-Abdullah, Y. Al-Jabai, and W. Al-Masry, "Determination of Phosphorus and Arsenic Concentration in Environmental Samples Using Optical Spectroscopy," Dept. of Prevention and Safety, Atomic Energy Authority, Damascus, 2018.
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- . W. M. I. Mohammed, "The Impact of Trade in Used Clothes on the Local Ready-Made Clothing Industry in the Arab Republic of Egypt," Faculty of Home Economics, Helwan University, 2018.
- . D. S. S. Abdullah, "The Extent of Concentration of Heavy Elements in Canned Food," Faculty of Science, Sabha University, 2017.
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- . K. Bazzy, "Review of the Socio-Economic Effects of Second-Hand Clothing Smuggling to Iran," Dept. of Geography, University of Zabol, 2012.
- . A. R. Brooks, "Inequality in the Transnational Second-Hand Clothing Trade in Mozambique," Dept. of Geography, Royal Holloway, University of London, 2012.
- . K. T. Hansen, "The Second-Hand Clothing Market in Africa and Its Influence on Local Fashion," Dept. of Anthropology, Northwestern University, 2014.
- . H. Sharma, B. B. Mathew, and N. Rawal, "The Characteristics, Toxicity, and Effects of Cadmium," Dept. of Biotechnology, Sapthagiri College of Engineering, Bangalore, India, 2015.
- . J. Jain and P. Gauba, "Heavy Metal Toxicity: Implications on Metabolism and Health," Dept. of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, India, 2017.
- . J. C. Saha, A. K. Dikshit, and M. Bandyopadhyay, "A Review of Arsenic Poisoning and Its Effects on Human Health," Dept. of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India, 2001.
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References
. S. A. N. Al-Naimi, Principles of Plant Nutrition. Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research, University of Mosul, Iraq, 1984.
. Z. H. Abdul Hamid and M. I. Abdul Majeed, Chemical and Environmental Pollutants. Arab House for Publishing and Distribution, Nasr City, Egypt, 1996.
. A. I. Zakaria, "Determining the Preference of Textile Structures to Reduce the Physiological Comfort Properties of Sports Training Clothing," M.S. thesis, Dept. Spinning and Weaving Eng., Faculty of Applied Arts, Helwan University, 1998.
. A. I. Muhammad, A. J. Al-Aoushar, and T. A. Al-Darkazli, Introduction to Toxicology and Environmental Pollution. Publications of Qar Yunis University, 1st ed., 1999.
. I. A. Al-Salman and S. M. Ali, "The Role of Waste and Falling Dust in the Spread of Allergic Diseases in the Sabha Region," J. Sabha Univ. Res. Appl. Sci., vol. 2, no. 1, 2003.
. M. R. G. Al-Tahlawi, Minerals and Rocks Harmful to the Environment. Faculty of Engineering, Assiut University, 2007.
. Arab Labor Organization, "Occupational Poisonings Resulting from Cadmium and Its Compounds," Arab Institute for Occupational Health and Safety, Syria, pp. 9-11, 23-39, 2010.
. S. Al-Barkil and F. Bro, "The Role of Cadmium in Activating Cancerous Diseases," J. Damascus Univ. Health Sci., vol. 27, no. 1, 2011.
. A. F. A. Al-Tantawi, "The Level of Quality of Used Clothes Imported from Abroad and the Problems Resulting from Them," M.S. thesis, Faculty of Specific Education, Mansoura University, 2012.
. M. K. Al-Shabli, "Isolation and Diagnosis of Transmitted Bacteria and Fungi by Used Clothes," College of Education, University of Al-Qadisiyah, 2013.
. W. Ghandour, H. L. Labqa, and A. Dabrha, "The Cumulative Capacity of Three Plant Species Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus camalduleulensis), Acacia (Acacia cyanophylla), and Castor (Ricinus communis) for Cadmium," Tishreen Univ. J. Sci. Res. Stud. Basic Sci. Ser., vol. 37, no. 3, 2015.
. N. A. S. Al-Moussawi and S. W. Mustafa, "The Geographical Distribution of Oil Pollutant Concentrations in the Soils of Al-Qurna and Al-Madinah Districts," College of Arts, University of Basra, 2016.
. H. Bouziane, A Detailed Analytical Chemical Study of the Elements of the Periodic Table. Tunis, Tunisia: Arab League Educational, Cultural, and Scientific Organization, Dept. of Science and Scientific Research, 2017.
. J. Al-Abdullah, Y. Al-Jabai, and W. Al-Masry, "Determination of Phosphorus and Arsenic Concentration in Environmental Samples Using Optical Spectroscopy," Dept. of Prevention and Safety, Atomic Energy Authority, Damascus, 2018.
. S. M. A. Al-Sayeh, Copper Element. Dept. of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Sabha University, 2018.
. W. M. I. Mohammed, "The Impact of Trade in Used Clothes on the Local Ready-Made Clothing Industry in the Arab Republic of Egypt," Faculty of Home Economics, Helwan University, 2018.
. D. S. S. Abdullah, "The Extent of Concentration of Heavy Elements in Canned Food," Faculty of Science, Sabha University, 2017.
. S. A. N. Al-Naimi, Human Poisoning by Heavy Elements. Dar Al-Kotob Al-Ilmiyyah, Iraq, 2020, p. 272.
. F. S. Glazener, J. C. Ellis, and P. K. Johnson, "Electrocardiographic Findings with Arsenic Poisoning," Calif. Med., vol. 109, pp. 158-162, 1968.
. B. J. Tweten, "An Analysis of the Clothing Interest Levels and Purchasing Styles of Employed and Unemployed Women," Ph.D. dissertation, University of Nebraska, 1980.
. K. C. Saha, "Melanokeratosis from Arsenic-Contaminated Tube Well," Indian J. Dermatol., vol. 29, no. 4, pp. 37-46, 1984.
. M. Sitting, Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens, 2nd ed., Park Ridge, NJ: Noyes Publications, 1985.
. K. C. Saha, "Chronic Arsenical Dermatoses from Tube-Well Water in West Bengal During 1983-1987," Indian J. Dermatol., vol. 40, no. 1, pp. 1-12, 1995.
. D. H. Nies, "Microbial Heavy-Metal Resistance," Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., vol. 51, pp. 730-750, 1999.
. J. C. Saha, A. K. Dikshit, and M. Bandyopadhyay, "A Review of Arsenic Poisoning and Its Effects on Human Health," Dept. of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India, 2001.
. World Health Organization, Health and Environment, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland, 2001.
. S. Baden and C. Barber, "The Impact of the Second-Hand Clothing Trade on Developing Countries," Oxfam, 2005.
. M. Cemple and G. Nickel, "Nickel: A Review of Its Sources and Environmental Toxicology," Dept. of Environmental Toxicology, Interfaculty Institute of Maritime and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Poland, 2005.
. D. N. William, "The Economic Consequences of War in Iraq," Rot Ridge J., vol. 66, pp. 32-40, 2007.
. O. J. Aderinola, E. O. Clarke, O. M. Olarinmoye, V. Kusemiju, and M. A. Anatekhai, "Heavy Metals in Surface Water, Sediments, Fish, and Periwinkles of Lagos Lagoon," Am.-Eurasian J. Agric. Environ. Sci., vol. 5, no. 5, pp. 609-617, 2009.
. United Nations Environment Programme, "Final Review of Scientific Information on Cadmium," Chemical Branch, DTIE, 2010.
. R. S. Boyed, "Heavy Metal Pollutants and Chemical Ecology: Exploring New Frontiers," J. Chem. Ecol., vol. 36, pp. 46-58, 2010.
. R. A. Wuana and F. E. Okieimen, "Heavy Metal in Contaminated Soils: A Review of Sources, Chemical Risk, and Best Available Strategies for Remediation," ISRN Ecol., vol. 2011, Article ID 402647, pp. 1-20, 2011, doi: 10.5402/2011/402647.
. V. Rajaganapathy, F. Xavier, D. Sreekumar, and P. K. Mandal, "Heavy Metal Contamination in Soil, Water, and Fodder and Their Presence in Livestock and Products: A Review," J. Environ. Sci. Technol., vol. 4, pp. 234-249, 2011.
. E. A. Obodai, L. K. Boamponsem, C. K. Adokon, D. K. Essumang, A. Villawoe, D. W. Aheto, and J. S. Debrah, "Concentration of Heavy Metals in Two Ghanaian Lagoons," Arch. Appl. Sci. Res., vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 177-187, 2011.
. K. Bazzy, "Review of the Socio-Economic Effects of Second-Hand Clothing Smuggling to Iran," Dept. of Geography, University of Zabol, 2012.
. A. R. Brooks, "Inequality in the Transnational Second-Hand Clothing Trade in Mozambique," Dept. of Geography, Royal Holloway, University of London, 2012.
. K. T. Hansen, "The Second-Hand Clothing Market in Africa and Its Influence on Local Fashion," Dept. of Anthropology, Northwestern University, 2014.
. H. Sharma, B. B. Mathew, and N. Rawal, "The Characteristics, Toxicity, and Effects of Cadmium," Dept. of Biotechnology, Sapthagiri College of Engineering, Bangalore, India, 2015.
. J. Jain and P. Gauba, "Heavy Metal Toxicity: Implications on Metabolism and Health," Dept. of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, India, 2017.
. J. C. Saha, A. K. Dikshit, and M. Bandyopadhyay, "A Review of Arsenic Poisoning and Its Effects on Human Health," Dept. of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India, 2001.
. World Health Organization, Public Health and Environment, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland, 2001.