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Abstract
Ionizing radiation is a type of energy released by certain atoms in the form of electromagnetic waves or particles. People are exposed to natural sources of ionizing radiation, including those found in soil, water, and plants, and to other man-made sources such as X-ray machines and medical devices. Ionizing radiation has many useful applications, including its uses in areas such as medicine, industry, agriculture, and research. As the use of ionizing radiation increases, so does the potential for health risks if it is not used or contained properly. Acute health effects such as skin burns or acute radiation syndrome can occur when radiation doses exceed very high levels. Exposure to low doses of ionizing radiation can increase the risk of long-term effects, such as cancer. The first chapter discussed the importance of radiation, its sources, types, and methods of protection from it. The second chapter discussed the effects of radiation, including biological effects and their impact on humans. In the third chapter, we discussed in detail how to protect against radiation. Finally, through what we discussed in the research, we reached the most important conclusions and also the most important recommendations
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References
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- . Grain boundary " .(٢٠١٣)J.journal=Journal of Nuclear Materials .٦٦٦–. .٦٦١ :(٣–١) ٤٤١tors". engineering for structure materials of nuclear reac .٢٠١٩ ٢٠١٣.٠٣.٠٥٠j.jnucmat./١٠.١٠١٦T. doi:٦٦١..٤٤١JnuM..٢٠١٣Bibcode:
- . F.A.; Packen, Nicholas H. (). Radiation Induced Changes in ،- ١٩٩٧ سنة. ١٦١ صفحة. th International Symposium. ASTM١٣Microstructure:
- . Cember H. Introduction to health physics. Pergaman Press Inc. second edition: Pages: 261-262, (1985).
- . Champlong, P., et al., “Neutron reference radiations for calibrating neutron measuring devices used for radiation protection purposes and for determining their response as a function of neutron energy”, Neutron Dosimetry in Biology and Medicine (Proc. 4th Symp. MunichNeuherberg, 1981), Rep. EUR-7448, Vol. 1, CEC, Luxembourg 3387– 394, (1981).
- . Chen R. and Leung P. L. A model for dose-rate dependence of thermoluminescence intensity. Applied physics. Vol. 33: Pages: 846- 850, (2000).
- . Christensen’s, Physics of Diagnostic Radiology - by Thomas S. Iii Curry, James E. Dowdey, Robert C., Jr Murry- 4th Edition- ISBN 0- 8121-1310-1.
- . Chun Li et al. A patient dose verification program using diode detectors. Medical Dosimetry. 20, No. 3: Pages: 209-214, (1995).
- . Commission of the European Communities, Operational Quantities for Use in External Radiation Protection Measurements, An Investigation of Concepts and Principles, Rep. EUR-8346 EN, CEC, Luxembourg (1983).
References
. J.R.Cameron and J. G. Skoforonick. "Medical Physics" ,New York, John ١٩٧٦Wiley and sons inc.
. Maxwell, J. Clerk (1 January 1865). “A Dynamical Theory of the Electromagnetic Field”. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London.
. Jump up^Carmichael, H. J. “Einstein and the Photoelectric Effect” )PDF). Quantum Optics Theory Group, University of Auckland. Retrieved 22 December 2009.
. Jump up^She, Alan; Capasso, Federico (17 May 2016). “Parallel Polarization State Generation”.
. Jump up^Paul M. S. Monk (2004). Physical Chemistry. John Wiley and Sons. p. 435.
. Jump up^Weinberg, S. (1995). The Quantum Theory of Fields.. Cambridge University Press. pp. 1
. Jump up^Herschel, William (1 January 1800). “Experiments on the Refrangibility of the Invisible Rays of the Sun. By William Herschel, LL. D. F. R. S”. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of.London
. Jump up to:a b c Jeans, James (1947) The Growth of Physical Science. Cambridge University Press.
. Jump up to:a b Liebel, F.; Kaur, S.; Ruvolo, E.; Kollias, N.; Southall, M. D. (2012). “Irradiation of Skin with Visible Light Induces Reactive Oxygen Species and Matrix-Degrading Enzymes
. Jump up to:ab c Binhi, Vladimir N (2002). Magnetobiology: Underlying Physical Problems. Repiev, A & Edelev, M (translators from Russian). San Diego: Academic Press. pp. 1–16.
. Jump up^Delgado, J. M.; Leal, J.; Monteagudo, J. L.; Gracia, M. G. (1982).“Embryological changes induced by weak, extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields”. Journal of Anatomy.
. Jump up^Harland, J. D.; Liburdy, R. P. (1997). “Environmental magnetic fields inhibit the antiproliferative action of tamoxifen and melatonin in a human breast cancer cell line”.
. r Brodrick, J.; Hepburn, D.J.; Ackland, G.J. (February ). "Mechanism fo .radiation damage resistance in yttrium oxide dispersion strengthened.٩٧–٢٩١ :(٣–١) ٤٤٥steels". Journal of Nuclear Materials. . ٢٠١٤
. Grain boundary " .(٢٠١٣)J.journal=Journal of Nuclear Materials .٦٦٦–. .٦٦١ :(٣–١) ٤٤١tors". engineering for structure materials of nuclear reac .٢٠١٩ ٢٠١٣.٠٣.٠٥٠j.jnucmat./١٠.١٠١٦T. doi:٦٦١..٤٤١JnuM..٢٠١٣Bibcode:
. F.A.; Packen, Nicholas H. (). Radiation Induced Changes in ،- ١٩٩٧ سنة. ١٦١ صفحة. th International Symposium. ASTM١٣Microstructure:
. Cember H. Introduction to health physics. Pergaman Press Inc. second edition: Pages: 261-262, (1985).
. Champlong, P., et al., “Neutron reference radiations for calibrating neutron measuring devices used for radiation protection purposes and for determining their response as a function of neutron energy”, Neutron Dosimetry in Biology and Medicine (Proc. 4th Symp. MunichNeuherberg, 1981), Rep. EUR-7448, Vol. 1, CEC, Luxembourg 3387– 394, (1981).
. Chen R. and Leung P. L. A model for dose-rate dependence of thermoluminescence intensity. Applied physics. Vol. 33: Pages: 846- 850, (2000).
. Christensen’s, Physics of Diagnostic Radiology - by Thomas S. Iii Curry, James E. Dowdey, Robert C., Jr Murry- 4th Edition- ISBN 0- 8121-1310-1.
. Chun Li et al. A patient dose verification program using diode detectors. Medical Dosimetry. 20, No. 3: Pages: 209-214, (1995).
. Commission of the European Communities, Operational Quantities for Use in External Radiation Protection Measurements, An Investigation of Concepts and Principles, Rep. EUR-8346 EN, CEC, Luxembourg (1983).