ASSESSMENT OF DENTAL IMPLANT STABILITY AND ITS INFLUENCE ON OSSEOINTEGRATION
Downloads
Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the clinical outcomes of dental implant treatment in patients. Method: A total of 149 implants in 41 patients were observed over five years using a standard two-stage protocol. The study included clinical examination methods, palpation, percussion, dynamometry, and resonance frequency analysis (RFA). Results: An analysis of the relationship between primary and secondary stability of dental implants was conducted. It was found that the insertion torque directly influenced primary stability; however, over six years, secondary stability was compromised in 9 implants (6.1%), leading to their subsequent removal. The mean insertion torque for the removed implants was 39.5 N·cm, which exceeded the mean torque of the stable implants (35.6 N·cm) by 4.1 N·cm. Therefore, a high insertion torque may be a risk factor for impaired osseointegration in the long term. Novelty: There is still no consensus on how primary implant stability affects the process of osseointegration and which primary fixation values increase the risk of its disruption.
T. Mohammadi, H. Ghoreishizadeh, R. Basiri, and others, “Effect of Undersized Drilling Protocol vs. Standard Protocol on Primary Stability of Dental Implants: A Randomized Clinical Trial,” Clin. Implant Dent. Relat. Res., vol. 26, no. 5, pp. 635–643, 2024, doi: 10.1111/cid.13259.
S. W. Lee, C. M. Jeong, B. D. Lim, and others, “Impact of Bone Quality and Implant Design on Primary Implant Stability: A Clinical Study,” J. Periodontal Implant Sci., vol. 54, no. 2, pp. 137–148, 2024, doi: 10.5051/jpis.2024.54.2.137.
A. Y. Alqutaibi, Y. A. Alzahrani, B. M. Addas, and others, “Correlation Between Insertion Torque and Implant Stability Quotient Values for Dental Implants,” J. Prosthodont. Res., vol. 69, no. 1, pp. 115–123, 2025, doi: 10.1016/j.jpor.2024.02.002.
A. Tabassum, G. J. Meijer, X. F. Walboomers, and J. A. Jansen, “Primary and Secondary Implant Stability: Review of a Key Factor in Implant Dentistry,” Clin. Oral Implants Res., vol. 29, no. Suppl 18, pp. s7–s21, 2018, doi: 10.1111/clr.13354.
C. Pandey, D. Rokaya, and B. P. Bhattarai, “Contemporary Concepts in Osseointegration of Dental Implants: A Review,” Biomed Res. Int., vol. 2022, p. 6170452, 2022, doi: 10.1155/2022/6170452.
E. A. Sirak and others, “Results of Determining Stability of Dental Implants After Replacement of Peri-implant Defects with Bone Substitutes,” Vestnik Volgograd State Medical University, vol. 22, no. 3, pp. 96–102, 2025, doi: 10.19163/1994-9480-2025-22-3-96-102.
E. N. Yarygina, V. S. Popkov, and A. E. Kriventsev, “The Effect of Peri-Implant Soft Tissues on the Stability of Bone in the Area of Dental Implants,” Journal of Volgograd State Medical University, vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 92–95, 2023, doi: 10.19163/1994-9480-2023-20-2-92-95.
A. V Gus’kov, A. A. Oleinikov, N. S. Domashkevich, and A. Osman, “Possibilities and Prospects for Experimental and Clinical Instrumentation Techniques for Determining Primary Stability of Dental Implants in Comparative Analysis,” Stomatology, vol. 101, no. 1, pp. 96–102, 2022, doi: 10.17116/stomat202210101196.
A. A. Kulakov and A. T. Begyan, “Model Selection for Determination of Primary Stability of Dental Implants in Experimental Studies,” Stomatology, vol. 103, no. 6, pp. 53–57, 2024, doi: 10.17116/stomat202410306253.
M. Shokri and A. Daraeighadikolaei, “Measurement of Primary and Secondary Stability of Dental Implants by Resonance Frequency Analysis Method in Mandible,” Int. J. Dent., vol. 2013, p. 506968, 2013, doi: 10.1155/2013/506968.
A. Tabassum, G. J. Meijer, X. F. Walboomers, and J. A. Jansen, “Evaluation of Primary and Secondary Stability of Titanium Implants Using Different Surgical Techniques,” Clin. Oral Implants Res., vol. 25, no. 4, pp. 487–492, 2014, doi: 10.1111/clr.12180.
P. Raz, H. Meir, S. Levartovsky, and others, “Primary Implant Stability Analysis of Different Dental Implant Connections and Designs—An In Vitro Comparative Study,” Materials, vol. 15, no. 9, p. 3072, 2022, doi: 10.3390/ma15093072.
M. Mohammadi, M. M. Mohamadi, M. Arab-Zozani, and others, “Primary and Secondary Stability in Implants Placed in Low-Density Bone Using Conventional vs. Osseodensification Technique: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis,” BMC Oral Health, vol. 25, no. 1, p. 1847, 2025, doi: 10.1186/s12903-025-07201-w.
B. Orak, M. Akgül, T. Akdoğan, and O. E. Kahraman, “Evaluation of Implant Primary Stability Using Different Drilling Protocols: An In Vitro Study,” BMC Oral Health, vol. 25, p. 1306, 2025, doi: 10.1186/s12903-025-06661-4.
P. Wili, C. Rauber, A. Saade, and others, “Primary Stability of Dental Implants in Human Jawbones: Experiments and FE Analyses,” Clin. Oral Implants Res., vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 339–352, 2025, doi: 10.1111/clr.14386.
N. Quispe-López, S. Martín-Martín, C. Gómez-Polo, and others, “Primary and Secondary Stability Assessments of Dental Implants According to Their Macro Design, Length, Width, Location, and Bone Quality,” Applied Sciences, vol. 14, no. 11, p. 4841, 2024, doi: 10.3390/app14114841.
D. Seidel, J. Neugebauer, G. Dhom, and others, “A Comparative Evaluation of the Primary and Secondary Stability of Dental Implants with Progressive and Conventional Thread Designs,” J. Clin. Med., vol. 14, no. 9, p. 3040, 2025, doi: 10.3390/jcm14093040.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ashrafov Davud Sergey, Gurskaya Narmina Azad
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
